ILORIN JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT AND LEADERSHIP
The Ilorin Journal of Management and Leadership (IJML) with ISSN (3122-069X) is a peer-reviewed, multidisciplinary scholarly journal published by The Centre for Management and Leadership, University of Ilorin, Nigeria. Published biannually (March and September), IJML welcomes submissions throughout the year. IJML serves academics, policymakers, practitioners, and graduate students seeking to contribute to discourses on sustainable leadership, innovation, governance reform, and organizational effectiveness in developing and developed economies alike.
The Centre for Management and Leadership, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
BEYOND SOCIO-ECONOMIC STATUS AND GENDER: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF PARENTAL ATTITUDES AND THEIR IMPLICATIONS FOR MANAGEMENT OF INCLUSIVE EDUCATION IN ILORIN, KWARA STATE
Parental attitudes play a critical role in the successful implementation and management of inclusive education for children with physical disabilities. However, dominant explanations often emphasize socio-economic status and gender, with limited attention to other influential factors in Nigerian contexts. This study moves beyond these traditional variables by examining parental attitudes toward the education of children with physical disabilities in Ilorin South and Ilorin West Local Government Areas of Kwara State, Nigeria, while identifying additional determinants. A descriptive survey research design was adopted, involving 150 parents of physically challenged secondary school students selected through multistage sampling. Data were collected using a researcher-designed questionnaire and analysed using descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation) and inferential statistics (ANOVA) at a 0.05 significance level. Findings revealed that parents generally exhibited positive attitudes toward the education of children with physical disabilities (grand mean = 2.24), although their active involvement remained relatively low (mean = 2.10, SD = 0.91). Results further showed that neither gender (p = 0.825) nor socio-economic status (p = 0.525) significantly influenced parental attitudes. However, parental level of education emerged as a significant determinant (p = 0.018), with more educated parents demonstrating more positive attitudes. The study therefore highlights the need for education managers and policymakers to prioritize parent-focused sensitization programmes, community-based awareness initiatives, and adult education interventions as strategic tools for strengthening the management and implementation of inclusive education in Kwara State
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EFFECTIVENESS OF PSYCHOLOGICAL INTERVENTIONS IN MANAGING CAREER ANXIETY AMONG UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS: EVIDENCE FROM A UNIVERSITY-BASED STUDY
Career anxiety, a future-oriented psychological distress linked to occupational uncertainty, is increasingly prevalent among undergraduate students yet, there exist a limited application of cognitive and mindfulness-based interventions for career-related anxiety in Nigerian universities. This study evaluated the efficacy of Cognitive Restructuring (CR) and Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) in reducing career anxiety among University of Ibadan undergraduates, with socio-economic status (SES) and parental support as moderating variables. Grounded in Beck and Clark's (1997) Cognitive Model of Anxiety and Bandura's (1986) Social Cognitive Theory, the study adopted a quasi-experimental design with 3×3×3 factorial matrix employed 81 participants exhibiting high career anxiety, measured using the Career Anxiety Inventory. Participants were randomly assigned to CR (n=27), MBCT (n=27), or control group (n=27). Intervention groups received eight sessions of training. SES and parental support were assessed using validated scales. Data were analysed using ANCOVA with pre-intervention scores as covariates. Results revealed significant main effects for intervention, F(2,53)=6.43, p=0.003, partial η²=0.196, and parental support, F(2,53)=4.92, p=0.011, partial η²=0.157, indicating both CR and MBCT effectively reduced career anxiety compared to controls. Higher parental support independently reduced anxiety. However, SES showed no significant effect (p=0.360), nor did any interactions (p>0.05). Findings demonstrate the efficacy of cognitive and mindfulness-based interventions as stand-alone tools and highlight parental support’s protective role. This study provides valuable evidence for culturally grounded interventions in Nigerian higher education, advocating for structured psychological programming and family engagement in student mental health services.
PERCEIVED ORGANIZATIONAL JUSTICE AND LEADER EMPATHIC COMMUNICATION AS PREDICTORS OF ORGANIZATIONAL CYNICISM AMONG PUBLIC SECONDARY SCHOOL TEACHERS IN OYO ZONE
Organizational cynicism, a subtle but damaging attitudinal problem, manifesting in teacher distrust of leadership, resistance to reforms, and reduced commitment remains underexplored in Nigeria. This study examined the predictive roles of perceived organizational justice and leader empathic communication on organizational cynicism among public secondary school teachers in Oyo Zone, Nigeria. A correlational survey design was employed, targeting 1,785 teachers across 88 public secondary schools, from which a sample of 338 was proportionately drawn using multistage sampling. Data were collected using validated instruments: the organizational cynicism, organizational justice and leaders empathic communication scales, all adapted and pilot-tested for cultural relevance. Statistical analysis included descriptive statistics, pearson’s correlations, and multiple regression. Results indicated that 53% of teachers reported moderate levels of cynicism, while 19% reported high levels. Perceived organizational justice (r = –.51, p < .01) and empathic communication (r = –.40, p < .01) correlated negatively with cynicism. These findings confirm that teacher cynicism is both structurally and relationally driven, suggesting the need for systemic fairness reforms alongside leadership training in empathic communication.
PEER PRESSURE, PARENTAL INFLUENCE AND SELF EFFICIENCY AS DETERMINANTS OF CAREER DECISION-MAKING ABILITY AMONG SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS IN OYO TOWN
Career decision-making ability among secondary school students remains a critical developmental challenge that significantly impacts their future educational and professional trajectories. Students in Oyo town face persistent difficulties in making informed career choices, often resulting in poor academic performance, misaligned career paths, and reduced life satisfaction. Despite the recognized importance of effective career decision-making during adolescence, there exists a significant gap in understanding how social and psychological factors collectively influence students' decision-making processes. This study investigated the effects of peer pressure, parental influence, and self-efficacy on career decision-making ability among 300 secondary school students in Oyo town using a survey research design. Data were collected through questionnaires and analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, and multiple regression analysis. Findings revealed significant relationships between career decision-making ability and all independent variables: peer pressure showed a negative correlation (r = -0.091, p = 0.001), parental influence demonstrated a positive correlation (r = 0.167, p = 0.004), and self-efficacy exhibited the strongest positive correlation (r = 0.365, p < 0.001). The joint effect of these variables was statistically significant (R = 0.393, R² = 0.154, p < 0.001), explaining 15.4% of variance in career decision-making ability. Self-efficacy emerged as the strongest predictor (β = 0.713), followed by parental influence (β = 0.470), while peer pressure had a negative effect (β = -0.129). The study recommends implementing self-efficacy development programs, parental engagement initiatives, and peer influence education to enhance students' career decision-making abilities.
INFRASTRUCTURAL DEVELOPMENT AND PERFORMANCE OF SMALL AND MEDIUM SCALE ENTERPRISES (SMEs) IN OSUN STATE, NIGERIA
Infrastructural development is one of the essential problems facing small and medium-scale enterprises in Nigeria. This study examines effect of infrastructural development on the performance of SMEs in Osun State. The study used a descriptive research design based on a cross-sectional survey. The study collected data using a questionnaire. Krejcie & Morgan's (1970) statistical table was used to obtain a sample size of 357 from the population of 3,007 SMEs owners and managers in the selected senatorial districts of Osun State. 343 copies of questionnaire were retrieved and used for the analysis. The data were analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). Findings revealed that all had a positive and significant impact on the performance of SMEs. It was found that electricity infrastructural (β = 0.034, C. R = 0.049, p < 0.005), transportation infrastructural (β = 0.015, C. R = 1.224, p < 0.005), and telecommunications infrastructural (β = 0.137, C. R = 2.939, p < 0.005). The study concluded that infrastructural development has significant and positive effects on the performance of SMEs. Therefore, the study recommended that government should ensure that the right policies are implemented to guarantee a steady and sufficient supply of power, upgrade the road networks, as these will enhance the performance of SMEs in Nigeria and subsequently promote economic growth in the country. Small and medium-scale enterprises (SMEs) should be trained in ICT usage, since doing so will enhance their performance and ultimately increase the profitability of conducting business on a small to medium-scale enterprises.
MANAGING COMPUTATIONAL SKILLS TRANSFER AND TEACHERS SELF-EFFICACY IN THE 21ST CENTURY: A STUDY OF STUDENTS WITH DISABILITY IN OYO SPECIAL
The 21st century has been characterized by rapid technological advancement, digital transformation, and increased reliance on computational knowledge across various sectors of society. These skills are increasingly recognized as fundamental literacy for learners in modern societies. The effective transfer and acquisition of these skills among students with disabilities remain a major challenge in many developing countries, including Nigeria. That is why this study investigated managing computational skills transfer and teachers’ self-efficacy in the 21st century: a study of students with disability in Oyo special schools. A descriptive survey design was used for the study. The population for the study comprised of all secondary school teachers in Oyo township of Oyo state. Purposive random sampling technique was used to select two special schools for the study. Ten teachers and twenty students each were selected from the two schools to form twenty teachers and forty students for the study. A self-developed Teacher’s self-efficacy and computational thinking transfer questionnaire were used to collect data for this study. The demographic data were described using frequency count and percentage while Pearson Product Moment Correlation (PPMC) was used to test the hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance. The result shows a strong positive correlation between teachers’ self-efficacy and computational skills transfer among teachers in the study area. The result also indicated a significant relationship between students’ acquisition of computational skills and teachers’ self-efficacy. The study therefore, concluded that to effectively managing computational skills transfer among students with disabilities, teachers’ self-efficacy, knowledge of the computational skills and confident in the instruction delivery were major requirement for the teachers. It was also recommended in the study that Schools should organize continuous training, workshop and seminal for teachers to improve their computational thinking skills and self-efficacy in order to transfer same to the students especially students with disabilities
IMPACT OF HEALTHCARE MANAGEMENT ON PRIMARY HEALTHCARE SYSTEM IN KWARA STATE
The healthcare management and primary healthcare system in Kwara State face numerous challenges that hinder the delivery of effective and equitable healthcare services. This study examined the impact of healthcare management on the primary healthcare system in Kwara State. Specifically, it evaluated the effect of healthcare planning on quality healthcare service delivery, determined the impact of healthcare financing on poverty reduction, and examined the influence of access to healthcare facilities on the well-being of poor people in Kwara State. A survey research design was adopted with a population of 3,444 primary healthcare workers. Using simple random sampling technique, a sample size of 385 respondents was selected. Data collected were analysed using multiple regression analysis. The findings revealed that healthcare planning, healthcare financing, and access to healthcare facilities were the major healthcare management strategies implemented by primary healthcare facilities in Kwara State. The study also found that the primary healthcare system in the state is effective in delivering quality healthcare services, improving the well-being of poor people, and contributing to poverty reduction in rural areas. Furthermore, healthcare planning was found to have a significant effect on quality healthcare service delivery, healthcare financing had a significant impact on poverty reduction, and access to healthcare facilities significantly influenced the well-being of poor people in Kwara State. The study concluded that effective healthcare management has a significant positive effect on the performance of the primary healthcare system in Kwara State. It was therefore recommended that government should ensure adequate and sustainable healthcare financing and improve access to healthcare facilities, particularly in rural areas, to enhance service delivery, reduce poverty, and promote the well-being of the poor.
CAPACITY BUILDING, MENTORSHIP AND ACADEMIC STAFF PERFORMANCE OF PUBLIC COLLEGES OF DUCATION IN SOUTH WEST NIGERIA
Colleges of education play a pivotal role in training teachers for primary and secondary schools in Nigeria; however, the job performance of academic staff in these institutions has remained a growing concern among education stakeholders. Empirical evidence suggests that lecturers demonstrate low commitment to teaching, poor research output, and inadequate supervision of students, despite improved academic qualifications and increased government investment in education. While previous studies have focused on motivation, leadership styles, and training as factors influencing lecturer performance, the combined influence of capacity building and mentorship on academic staff job performance in colleges of education remains underexplored. Therefore, this study examined the influence of capacity building and mentorship on academic staff job performance in public colleges of education in Southwestern Nigeria. Descriptive survey research design was adopted. The population consisted of 2,876 academic staff and 17,247 Year Two students from three public colleges of education in Southwestern Nigeria, from which 274 academic staff and 1,166 students were sampled, totalling 1,440 respondents, selected through multi-stage sampling involving five techniques. Cronbach Alpha test on research instruments yielded coefficients of 0.87 and 0.78. Descriptive statistics and multiple regression were used to test the hypothesis at p<0.05. Findings revealed that teaching performance was high while research output was low. Participation in decision making (β = 0.321, p<0.05), training (β = 0.255, p<0.05), and shared experience mentorship (β = 0.240, p<0.05) significantly predicted lecturer job performance. It was recommended that college management improve research infrastructure, involve staff in decision making, and formalize mentorship programmes.
SENIOR NON-TEACHING STAFF PERCEPTION OF TALENT MANAGEMENT PRACTICES IN PUBLIC HIGHER EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS IN DELTA STATE, NIGERIA
This study examined senior non-teaching staff perception of talent management practices in public higher educational institutions in Delta State, Nigeria, with specific focus on talent attraction, talent development, and talent retention across a federal university, a state polytechnic, and a state college of education. A survey research design was adopted. The population comprised 2,749 staff drawn from seven public tertiary institutions, from which a sample was derived using the Krejcie and Morgan formula. For the purpose of this study, 74 clearly identifiable senior non-teaching staff from three selected institutions, constituted the effective sample. Data were collected using a structured five-point Likert questionnaire and analysed using descriptive statistics and one-way Analysis of Variance with Tukey post hoc test in SPSS version 23. The findings revealed that respondents generally perceived talent attraction, talent development, and talent retention practices positively across the three institutions. The federal university recorded the highest mean scores across the dimensions, while the state polytechnic recorded the lowest. The results further showed a statistically significant difference in perceptions of talent attraction across the institutions, specifically between the federal university and the state polytechnic, whereas no significant differences were found for talent development and talent retention. The study concludes that talent attraction constitutes the primary area of institutional variation in talent management practices and highlights the need for context-specific strategies to strengthen attraction mechanisms in public higher educational institutions.
Helen Enerunmone Ogheneyoma LUCENT-IWHIWHU
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE, MATHEMATICS EDUCATION AND ATTAINMENT OF PEACE, JUSTICE AND STRONG INSTITUTIONS (SDG 16)
This paper explored artificial intelligence, mathematics education, and the attainment of peace, justice, and strong institutions (SDG 16). Vygotsky's (1978) Socio-cultural Theory of Teaching, Learning, and Development was used as the theoretical framework for this survey, two objectives were raised to guide this study The findings showed that sthe use of artificial intelligence in mathematics education can support SDG 16 by personalising math education, promoting access, and identifying learning gaps, thereby fostering social integration and reducing inequality. While artificial intelligence can enhance institutional accountability through data-driven insights and fraud detection, challenges remain regarding data security, algorithmic bias, and the need for robust policy frameworks to ensure responsible adoption and equitable implementation in developing regions. It was therefore recommended among others that comprehensive training programs should be developed to equip mathematics teachers with the skills and confidence to effectively use and integrate AI tools, while also enabling them to address ethical concerns that aids in the attainment of SDG 16 (peace, justice and strong institutions); clear, human-rights-based policies should be established for AI in mathematics education, addressing data privacy, security, and algorithmic accountability to build trust and ensure responsible use
Justice and Strong Institutions (SDG 16)
CORPORATE GOVERNANCE AND SUSTAINABILITY REPORTING OF LISTED FIRMS IN NIGERIA
Organizations are charged with the responsibility of providing relevant information on the operation of their business, but as the traditional financial reporting is deficient in total reporting arose the need for sustainability reporting. Hence, this study investigates the effect of corporate governance mechanisms on sustainability reporting among listed firms in Nigeria. The specific objectives are to: (i) examine the influence of board diversity on sustainability reporting; (ii) evaluate the impact of board size on sustainability disclosure; (iii) determine the effect of board independence on the extent of sustainability practices and (iv) assess the influence of audit committee composition on Environmental, Social, Governance (ESG) reporting; and examine the collective role of corporate governance mechanisms in enhancing sustainability disclosure. The study adopted an ex- post facto research design, and secondary data were collected from 50 listed firms that provide non-financial services across various sectors in the Nigerian Exchange Group (NGX) over a ten-year period (2015–2024). Data were analysed using panel regression analysis. The findings reveal that board diversity significantly improves sustainability reporting, board size positively influences disclosure practices, and board independence contributes meaningfully to transparency. Similarly, audit committee composition was found to significantly enhance ESG disclosures. The study concludes that effective corporate governance serves as a catalyst for improved sustainability disclosure of Nigerian firms. It recommends a gender diverse board, well experience independent directors, separation of chairman role from CEO to strengthen the quality of sustainability reporting. Stakeholder engagement and employee training for effective understanding and implementation of sustainability reporting.
REWARD SYSTEMS AND EMPLOYEE RETENTION IN THE KWARA STATE GENERAL HOSPITAL, ILORIN
Reward systems have emerged as one of the contentious issues of concern in the Nigerian healthcare sector, particularly in the resource- constrained settings such as the Kwara State General Hospital, Ilorin. Many institutions in similar contexts face persistent challenges related to staff motivation, engagement, and employee turnover. This study therefore investigates the relationship between reward systems and employee retention in the Kwara State General Hospital, Ilorin. Data were collected through administered questionnaire. The target population consisted of 319 hospital staff. Using Krejcie and Morgan (1970) for sample size determination formular, a sample size of 175 respondents was used for the study. The study used stratified random sampling to ensure representativeness across staff categories. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 22.0. Multiple regression analysis was conducted to evaluate the effect of reward systems on employee retention. The results indicated that financial rewards had a significant effect on employee job satisfaction (R2 =0.806; p < 0.05), and that Non-financial reward also exhibited a statistically significant influence on employee engagement with (R2 =0.266; p < 0.05). The study concluded that reward systems both financial and non-financial play a significant role in enhancing employee retention in the healthcare sector. It recommended that management of Kwara State General Hospital should institutionalize a comprehensive reward systems as a strategic measure to boost employee retention in the intuition.
PRINCIPALS’ GENDER, INSTRUCTIONAL LEADERSHIP AND TEACHERS’ JOB COMMITMENT IN PRIVATE SECONDARY SCHOOLS, NIGER STATE, NIGERIA
The effectiveness of private secondary schools in Nigeria continues to be challenged by declining teacher commitment, with implications for instructional quality and student outcomes. Despite the importance of school leadership in addressing this issue, limited empirical evidence exists on how principals’ instructional leadership influences teachers’ job commitment, particularly within gender dynamics. Hence, this study examined the influence of principals’ instructional leadership on teachers’ job commitment in private secondary schools in Niger State, Nigeria, with particular attention to gender as a moderating variable. Specifically, it identified the most prevalent instructional leadership practices, assessed teachers’ job commitment, and examined the relationships between instructional leadership dimensions and job commitment. A descriptive correlational survey design was adopted. The population comprised 8,077 teachers, from where a sample of 381 was drawn. Data were collected using structured questionnaires and analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics at the 0.05 level of significance. The findings revealed that curriculum implementation was the most dominant instructional leadership practice, while teachers’ job commitment was moderate. Instructional leadership practices showed significant relationships with teachers’ job commitment. Although gender did not have a significant overall moderating effect, it did significantly influence specific dimensions, such as feedback on teaching and learning and monitoring students’ progress. The study concludes that effective instructional leadership is a key determinant of teachers’ job commitment, regardless of gender differences. It is recommended that school proprietors and policymakers prioritise continuous professional development for principals, focusing on teacher support, feedback, and instructional supervision to enhance teacher commitment and school effectiveness.
PARENTING STYLES AS PREDICTORS OF SUBSTANCE ABUSE- A FAMILY MANAGEMENT PERSPECTIVES AMONG ADOLESCENTS IN KWARA STATE, NIGERIA
The study investigated parenting styles as predictors of substance abuse- A family management perspectives among adolescents in Kwara State. It also investigated the influence of level of study on the substance abuse among the respondents. It was a descriptive survey of the correlation type. The population consisted of 613,567 adolescents in universities in Kwara State, Nigeria. A sample of 402 adolescents were selected through simple random sampling and proportional sampling techniques to participate. Researchers’ self-developed questionnaire titled “Parenting Styles and Substance Abuse Questionnaire (PSSAQ) was used to collect data. Two research questions and two hypotheses guided the study. Data were analysed with mean. Pearson,s Product Moment Correlation, Regression and Analysis of Variance. The findings of the study revealed that i. adolescents in universities in Kwara State experience more of authoritarian, authoritative and permissive parenting styles and less of neglectful parenting style ii. the engage in low level of substance abuse, iii. there was significant relationship between parenting style and substance abuse and iv. there was no significant difference in the substance abuse of the respondents based on level of study. Based on the finding, it was concluded that parenting styles as family management method impact on substance abuse among adolescents. Adolescents that are trained with neglectful and authoritarian parenting styles are likely to engage in substance abuse. It is recommended that marriage counsellors should counsel parents on the use of authoritative and permissive parenting styles rather than authoritarian and neglectful parenting styles as family management method to train their children
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE ADOPTION IN NIGERIAN PUBLIC PROCUREMENT: A TAM–INSTITUTIONAL THEORY PERSPECTIVE
Artificial intelligence (AI) holds significant promise for transforming public procurement in developing countries by addressing systemic inefficiencies, reducing corruption risks, and improving transparency. However, empirical evidence on the antecedents of AI adoption among procurement officials in Sub-Saharan Africa remains limited, leaving policymakers without the evidence base needed to guide digital procurement reform. This study investigates the determinants of AI adoption intention among public procurement officials in Nigerian federal Ministries, Departments, and Agencies (MDAs), examining the moderating role of institutional pressure on the relationships between individual cognitive predictors and adoption intent. A quantitative cross-sectional survey was administered to 229 purposively sampled procurement officers, Heads of Procurement Units, internal auditors, and project and programme managers across five federal MDAs. Data were analysed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) via SmartPLS 4.0. Results reveal that perceived usefulness was the strongest predictor of AI adoption intention (β = 0.429, p < 0.001), followed by perceived ease of use (β = 0.245, p < 0.001). Perceived ease of use also positively predicted perceived usefulness (β = 0.415, p < 0.001), confirming the internal TAM pathway. Institutional pressure partially moderated the findings: it amplified the usefulness–intention relationship (β = 0.112, p = 0.039) but did not moderate the ease-of-use–intention path (p = 0.562). The study concludes that AI adoption in Nigerian public procurement is driven primarily by individual utility assessments, selectively conditioned by institutional context. It is recommended that procurement reform initiatives prioritise value demonstration over regulatory mandates, invest in participatory system design to reduce ease-of-use barriers, and equip practitioners with structured AI literacy training.
COLLECTIVE BARGAINING AND POWER ASYMMETRY IN NIGERIAN PUBLIC UNIVERSITIES: THEORIZING THE FG – ASUU’S AGREEMENT
The paper discusses the negotiations of collective bargaining and power imbalance in the Nigerian universities in the form of a theoretical discussion of the life of a Federal Government (FG) -Academic Staff Union of Universities (ASUU) agreement. Even after numerous talks and the official agreements, the most recent of which was the 2009 Accord industrial disputes, the issue of potential effectiveness and sustainability of the collective bargaining in the industry remains, as the number of strikes is increasing. Based on pluralist theory of industrial relations, power-resource theory and perspective of the fiscal political economy, the study has put together a composite conceptual framework to explain the recurring stability in FG and ASUU relation. The research integrates secondary data in the form of collective agreements, federal budget reports, and macroeconomic indicators using a qualitative and document based analytical method to explore the interaction of structural state power, the organizational ability of unions, fiscal volatility and institutional enforcement mechanisms to influence the bargaining outcome. As can be seen in the analysis, although the strike action by ASUU delivers short-term concessions, structural asymmetry caused by centralized fiscal control and poor enforcement structures limits the compliance in the long term. Agreeing with each other is further moderated by fluctuating oil-dependent revenues, which strengthens cyclical negotiation, strike and completion of partial agreements. The theoretical contribution of the study is the concept of implementation asymmetry, which helps to differentiate between the differences in the enforcement of the post-agreement and the power imbalances in the negotiation stage. It claims that sustainable industrial peace in the Nigerian state universities needs institutional re-alignment, when allocated over a period of years, enhancement of enforcement, and reestablished governance independence. The results can be used to test empirically and give policy-relevant information to reform the public sector collective bargaining in the developing political economies.
REVISITING THE DETERMINANTS OF BANK PERFORMANCE IN NIGERIA: THE ROLE OF BANK SIZE AND MACROECONOMIC VARIABLES
This study investigated the deposit money banks’ (DMBs) and financial performance in Nigeria during a 21-year span, from 2004 to 2024. The study specifically examined whether the bank size, monetary policy rate and inflation rate have a substantial impact on the financial performance of DMBs. Secondary data from the annual financial statements of eight chosen deposit money banks in Nigeria were used in the study. Panel regression analysis and ordinary least squares were used to analyze the data that were produced. The study revealed that bank size has a significant negative impact on financial performance of DMBs in Nigeria, monetary policy rate do not exert any significant impact on the financial performance of DMBs in Nigeria and inflationary pressures have no significant impact on the financial performance of DMBs in Nigeria. . In conclusion, the study established that bank specific factors such as bank size critically shapes bank financial performance, while the macroeconomic variables of monetary policy rates and inflation do not significantly affect bank performance. The policy direction is to therefore, improve internal efficiency and ensure optimal scale management rather that solely relying on macroeconomic conditions.